中国保护性耕作研究分析-保护性耕作与作物生产[J]王克如.docVIP

中国保护性耕作研究分析—保护性耕作与作物生产 谢瑞芝1，李少昆1，李小君1，金亚征1，2,王克如1，初震东1，高世菊1 （1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程，北京 100081；2中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院，北京 100094） 摘要：保护性耕作（conservation tillage，CT）是实现农业可持续发展的重要手段，本研究通过收集中国公开发表的与保护性耕作相关的研究论文，整理前人研究提供的试验数据，分析保护性耕作措施对作物生产的影响，为保护性耕作条件下的作物稳产丰产研究提供支持。研究发现，保护性耕作对作物的生长发育、病虫害发生、水分利用等都有不同程度的影响，以当地传统耕作模式为对照，实施保护性耕作技术的作物产量平均增加12.51%。但有10.92%数据显示减产，表明保护性耕作减产是客观存在的，文章归纳了影响保护性耕作条件下作物产量的主要原因。中国自“六五”期间开始进行保护性耕作的研究工作，在理论研究和生产实践中取得了一定的成绩。随着对保护性耕作概念的深入理解，中国保护性耕作的研究和应用工作得到了长足发展，作为实践性较强的应用型研究，保护性耕作要充分重视理论研究和应用过程中存在的问题，利用新型研究技术和研究手段，明确保护性耕作影响作物生产的机制，为保护性耕作技术的创新和推广应用提供理论基础。 关键词：保护性耕作；可持续农业；作物生产；产量；综述 The Analysis of Conservation Tillage in China—Conservation Tillage and Crop Production: Reviewing the Evidence XIE Rui-zhi1, LI Shao-kun1, LI Xiao-jun1, JIN Ya-zheng1,2, WANG Ke-ru1, CHU Zhen-dong1, GAO Shi-ju1 (1Institute of Crop Science / The National Key Facilities for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, NFCRI, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; 2College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094) Abstract: Conservation tillage (CT), which can also be referred to as resource-efficient / resource effective agriculture, is primarily used as a means to protect soils from erosion and compaction. The study looked at moisture conservation and production cost reduction, have become the most important measures of sustainable agriculture development. Research advances in the conservation tillage of China were reviewed in this paper. Based on papers published, the current researches progress on conservation tillage (CT) of crop production in china were summarized and analyzed. Studies showed conservation tillage can improve crop development and help combat crop pests and diseases. Crop yield increase 12.51%, but 10.92% of crop yield dates reduce. Conservation tillage which had considerable benefits, is a relatively new concept but widely adopted in China is necessary. Since studies were conducted at the catchment