模拟密闭舱室烟雾吸入染毒装置研制.docVIP

模拟密闭舱室烟雾吸入染毒装置的研制 孙磊，安辉，曹佳 （第三军医大学军事预防医学院卫生毒理学教研室，重庆 400038） 摘要：目的 研制一种密闭舱室烟雾吸入染毒装置。方法 自行设计烟雾发生箱、染毒箱和循环管道，集成为一套完整的烟雾吸入染毒装置，实现燃烧与染毒的分离。选用某种军用密闭舱室内9种非金属材料，按照实际用量比燃烧产生烟雾后，经循环管道引至染毒箱中染毒动物。42只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（n=7）及5个染毒组（n=7），染毒时间依次为5min（1个组）、10min（3个组）及15min（1个组）。检测Development of Smoke Inhalation Unit Simulated for Airtight Cabin SUN Lei, AN Hui, CAO Jia ( Department of Molecular Toxicology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China) Abstract: Objective To develop a smoke inhalation unit simulated for airtight cabin. Methods Design a completed smoke inhalation unit composed of smoke generation cabinet , circulation pipe line and inhalation cabinet. Verify the unit with 42 SD rats inhalated with smoke generated from combustion of 9 nonmetal material used in a military airtight cabin. The rats were randomly divided into experimental group and 5 inhalation groups,with 7 rats in each group. The concentration of CO , O2 and acid gases in the inhalation cabinet were analyzed , animals activities and fatality within 7 days were observed. COHb% of rats in 10 min groups was detected quickly after exposure. Results The concentration of smoke increased with the time of combustion and kept constant in each time point. The degree of intoxication increased with the time of inhalation and the COHb% of 10min groups showed good reproducibility. Conclusion The unit can simulate the smoke generation and intoxication in the airtight cabin and keep good reproducibility of animal injury. Key words: airtight cabin；smoke inhalation；carboxyhemoglobin；rat 吸入性损伤是火灾中致人死亡的主要原因，研究表明火灾中85%的人员死于有毒烟雾的吸入[1]。而军用密闭舱室在战斗环境中一旦遭受炮火袭击，在短时间内能产生大量有毒烟雾，吸入性中毒也是导致驾乘人员死亡的重要原因。目前有关烟雾吸入染毒装置报道不多，装置也不适合于特种军用密闭战斗舱室击毁下烟雾吸入染毒的模拟。因此，为了深入研究和探讨战斗密闭舱室中有毒烟雾致吸入性损伤的发病机制及防治措施，我们以某型密闭战斗舱室为原型，研制了战斗舱室烟雾吸入染毒装置，并认为可用于军、民密闭舱室烟雾吸入染毒的研究。 材料及方法 染毒装置的制作 1.1.1 设计原理 本装置由燃烧箱、染毒箱及循环管道三部分组成，燃烧系统和染毒系统彼此隔开，并保证较好的密闭性。产生的烟雾通过循环管道在燃烧箱与染毒箱之间循环，对动物进行动态染毒。装置通过动力风扇及管道阀门控制烟雾的流向，并通过搅匀风扇使染毒箱内的烟雾分布均匀。设置气体采样口，用于烟气采样分析。染毒箱内设灯泡