在语境中探析语法（一）——主谓一致的考点讲解.pdfVIP

着谓语动词采取相应的形式，但在实际使用中往往会遇到一些复杂的情况。通常采取的主谓一 致原则就是 “语法一致原则”和 “意义一致原则”，还有一个干扰语法一致的因素那就是 “就近原 则”。究竟何时采用何种原则为宜须视习惯用法而定。下面本文针对有关主谓一致关系的特殊 考点给予详细的举例分析，以帮助大家夯实这一语法项 目。， 1．机构名称(事件、国名、宗教、军队、书籍及其他作品的名称)作主语时。谓语动词用单数。 【段落示例 1】Youtharebecominginvolvedinviolenceatanalarmingrate．Infact，thevouth arrestrateformurderdoubled，from six arrestsper100，000youth age 10to 17to over12per 100，000． ‘ TheAmerican PsychologicalAssociation Commission on Violenceand Youth reported on a studyoffirstandsecondgraders inW ashington，D．C．：45percentsaidtheyhadwitnessedmuggings， 31percentsaidtheyhadwitnessedshoofin~，and39percentsaidtheyhadseendeadbodies． Formanyyouthwhohavenotbeen directlyexposedtoviolencein theirown communities， theentertainmentmedia (television，movies，musicandvideogames)providesmanyopportunities forthem toseeandhearviolentexchanges．Research showsthatthereareabout5—6violentacts perhouronprimetimeand20—25violentactsonSautrdaymorningchildren’Sprorgamming．Inits report，PsychologyandYou：ViolenceonTelevisionhurtschildreninmanyways．(1)Inparticu~r, theAPAconcludesthatchildrenmaybecomelesssensitivetothepainandsufferingofothers，bemorefearful oftheworldaroundthem，bemorehkelytobehaveinaggressiveorharmfulwaystowardothers， andrgaduallyacceptviolenceasawaytosolveproblem． (2)． TheAmericanAcademyofChildand AdolescentPsychiatryalsocautionsthatchildrenmayimitatetheviolencetheyobserveontelevision ． 从段落示例 1的句(1)和句(2)不难看出，在这两个句子中，主语都是机构名称，谓语动词 都用单数形式。再请看其他例子： TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945．联合国成立于 1945年。 TheThirty—NineStepswaswrittenbyJohnBuchan．{2-十九级台阶》为约翰 ·巴肯所著。 TheNavyacceptspeopleof18yearsorolder．海军征召 18岁或 18岁以上的青年。 2．动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 【段落示例2】…Ifyoucramyourheadwithtoomanynewwordsatatime．someofthem are