Introverts Run the World—Quietly 内向者：悄然掌管世界.docVIP

Introverts Run the World—Quietly 内向者：悄然掌管世界 　　The theory of evolution. The theory of relativity. The Cat in the Hat1）. All were brought to you by introverts. 　　Our culture is biased against quiet and reserved people， but introverts are responsible for some of humanity’s greatest achievements—from Steve Wozniak’s invention of the Apple computer to J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter. And these introverts did what they did not in spite of their temperaments—but because of them. 　　As the science journalist Winifred Gallagher writes： “The glory of the disposition that stops to consider stimuli rather than rushing to engage with them is its long association with intellectual and artistic achievement. Neither E = mc2 nor Paradise Lost2） was dashed off3） by a party animal.” 　　Introverts make up a third to a half the population. That’s one out of every two or three people you know. 　　Yet our most important institutions—our schools and our workplaces—are designed for extroverts. And we’re living with a value system that I call the New Groupthink， where we believe that all creativity and productivity comes from an oddly gregarious place. 　　Picture the typical classroom. When I was a kid， we sat in rows of desks， and we did most of our work autonomously. But nowadays many students sit in “pods” of desks with four or five students facing each other， and they work on countless group projects—even in subjects like math and creative writing. Kids who prefer to work by themselves don’t fit， and research by educational psychology professor Charles Meisgeier found that the majority of teachers believe the ideal student is an extrovert—even though introverts tend to get higher grades， according to psychologist Adrian Furnham. 　　The same thing happens at work. Many of us now work in offices without walls， with no respite4） from the noise and gaze of co-workers. And introverts are routinely passed over5） for leadership positions， even though the latest research by the management profess