论我国行政诉讼和解制度构建-毕业论文.docVIP

摘  要  行政诉讼和解是指在行政诉讼过程中，双方当事人在人民法院的主持下，经过协 商和互相让步，以终结诉讼为目的就有关诉讼标的的权利义务关系达成合意，从而使 行政争议在平和的气氛中予以解决。行政诉讼和解具有多重性质，它既是诉讼行为， 又是公法契约，同时还有私法契约的性质。和解强调当事人之间的合意性，对保障人 权起着举足轻重的作用，这正是其价值的最突出表现。在民事诉讼中，调解与和解是 两种不同的制度，而在行政诉讼中，两者意义相同只是名称不同而已，没有必要去讨 论两者的区别。通过考察发现，在域外，尤其是法治较发达的国家和地区，行政诉讼 和解已是通行的制度，英国、美国、德国、法国、日本及中国台湾、香港地区的行政 诉讼和解制度对我国具有重要的借鉴意义。同时，通过对比分析，我国法院调解与域 外诉讼和解有着很大的差别，法院调解制度仍存在许多不足之处。因此，在构建我国 行政诉讼和解制度时，我们应立足现实，尽可能多地吸取域外的优良经验，但要避免 不加批判的移植，更不能完全照搬我国现行的法院调解制度。目前，我国已具备了构 建行政诉讼和解制度的理论依据，即：行政机关享有一定的实体处分权；对具体行政 行为的合法性审查不排斥和解；适用和解与保护公共利益不具有对立性；行政诉讼中 双方当事人的法律地位平等。因此，我们可以顺理成章地着手从法官的作用、立法模 式、对和解的限制、适用范围、程序及效力六个方面去构建我国的行政诉讼和解制度， 这是本文的落脚点所在。 关键词： 行政诉讼；和解；法院调解；和解制度；制度构建 I ABSTRACT The reconciliation in administrative lawsuit refers to that, in the administrative lawsuit process, both litigants come to terms mutually about the rights and obligations of related lawsuit’ object to end lawsuit, thus the administrative dispute can be solved in gentle atmosphere. The reconciliation in administrative lawsuit has multiple characters, it is not only the lawsuit behavior, also the public law contract, and meanwhile it is the civil law contract. The reconciliation emphasizes the two parties’ agreement; it plays an important role in protecting the human rights which is the centralized show of its value. In civil lawsuit, the mediation and the reconciliation are two different systems, but in administrative lawsuit, the two have the same meanings but different names, it is unnecessary to discuss the difference of them. We can discover through the inspection that, some developed countries and areas with adequate legal system, like England, America, Germany, France, Japan and Taiwan, Hong Kong in China, their administrative lawsuit reconciliation systems have important and model significance to us. At the same time, we cannot imitate the present court’s mediation system completely when constructing our reconciliation system in administrative lawsuit, because our court’s mediation is greatly different fr