厌氧氨氧化菌的特性与分类.pdfVIP

35(5):473 ～481, 2009 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)　 Journal of Zhejiang University (Agric.Life Sci.) 文章编号:1008-9209(2009)05-0473-09 DOI :10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2009.05.001 厌氧氨氧化菌的特性与分类 郑 平, 张蕾 ( 江大学环境与资源学院 环境与工程系, 江 杭州310029) 摘　要:厌氧氨氧化是环境领域和微生物领域的一个重大发现, 对于认识氮素生物地 化学循环、丰富 微生物学理论和开发新型生物脱氮工艺均具有巨大的推动作用.近年来对厌氧氨氧化菌的研究取得了 许多突破性成果, 探明了 个体形态特征、细胞化学组分特征、富集培养与分离特征、生理生化特征以及生 态学特征, 提出了厌氧氨氧化代谢模型, 纯化研究了多种厌氧氨氧化酶, 分离获得和分类鉴定了 5 属 9 种厌氧氨氧化菌, 建立了厌氧氨氧化菌科(Anammoxaceae).本文系统介绍了厌氧氨氧化菌的特性, 详细 描述了9 种已被鉴定的厌氧氨氧化菌. 关　键　 :厌氧氨氧化菌;形态;生理;生化;种类 中图分类号:Q 939.9 ;X 53　　　文献标志码:A ZHENG Ping, ZHANG Lei (Dep artment of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource S ciences, Zhej iang University, Hangzhou 31 29, China) Characterization and classification of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)bacteria.Jo rnal of Zhejiang University (Agric.Life Sci.), 2009, 35(5):473-481 Abstract :Anaerobic ammoni m oxidation (anammox )is one of important discoveries in both environmental and microbiological fields.It s pplements biogeochemist ry of nitrogen cycle in nat re, extends microbial diversity and rges development of novel nitrogen removal biotechnology.Recently, plenty breakthro ghs have been made in the research of anammox bacteria.Their properties in bacterial morphology, cytochemistry, enrichment and isolation, physiology and biochemistry, ecology w ere revealed, and probable metabolic models were proposed, and the important enzymes were p rified and characterized.A family of Anammoxaceae incl ding five gen s, nine species has been established.This paper is a systematic review in the feat res of anammox bacteria and the nine identified species. Key ords :anammox bacteria ;morphology ;physiology ;biochemistry ;species 　　在厌氧条件下, 以亚硝酸盐