电气工程与自动化专业英语 教学课件 作者 王伟 1.pptxVIP

1.1　Electrostatic ChargesProtons and electrons are parts of atoms that make up all things in our world. The positive charge of a proton is similar to the negative charge of an electron. However, a positive charge is the opposite of a negative charge. These charges are called electrostatic charges. Each charged particle is surrounded by an electrostatic field.　The effect that electrostatic charges have on each other is very important. They either repel (move away) or attract (come together) each other. It is said that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.11.2　Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors 1.2.1　Conductors1.2.2　Insulators1.2.3　Semiconductors1.2.1　ConductorsA material through which current flows is called a conductor. A conductor passes electric current very easily. Copper and aluminum wire are commonly used as conductors. Conductors are said to have low resistance to electrical current flow. Conductors usually have three or fewer electrons in the outer orbit of their atoms. Remember that the electrons of an atom orbit around the nucleus. Many metals are electrical conductors. Each metal has a different ability to conduct electric current. Materials with only one outer orbit or valence electron (gold, silver, copper) are the best conductors.1.2.2　InsulatorsThere are some materials that do not allow electric current to flow easily. The electrons of insulation materials are difficult to release. In some insulators, their valence shells are filled with eight electrons. The valence shells of others are over half-filled with electrons. The atoms of insulation materials are said to be stable. Insulators have high resistance to the movement of electric current. Some examples of insulators are plastic and rubber.1.2.3　SemiconductorsMaterials called semiconductors have become very important in electronics. Semiconductor materials are neither conductors nor insulators. Their classification also depends on the number of electrons their atoms have in their va