鸽巢原理 容斥原理.pptVIP

Contents 鸽巢原理：简单形式 鸽巢原理：加强形式 容斥原理 Pigeonhole Principle Dirichlet (狄里克雷) “鸽巢原理”，最先是由19世纪的德国数学家狄里克雷应用于解决问题，后人们为了纪念他从这么平凡的事情中发现的规律，就把这个规律用他的名字命名，叫“狄里克雷原理”，又把它叫做“抽屉原理”。 Pigeonhole Principle If we put n+1 balls into n boxes, then at least one box must contain two or more balls. 将n+1个球放入n个盒子内, 最小有一个盒子藏有2个或以上的球。 Proof We want to prove that ‘at least one box must contain two or more balls’. Examples For any 368 people, at least two of them must have the same birthday. There are at least two people in the world having same number of hair. At least two of you in this class (assuming the cla