英语国家社会与文化入门 英国 economy.ppt

European Union: 欧洲联盟，简称欧盟 是当今世界一体化程度最高的区域政治、经济集团组织。其前身是1958年成立的欧洲共同体(European Community, EC)，即欧洲经济共同体(European Economic Community, EEC)、煤钢共同体(European Coal Steel Community, ECSC)和原子能共同体(European Atomic Energy Community, EURATOM)的统称。1993年11月，《欧洲联盟条约》(又称《马斯特里赫特条约》，The Maastricht Treaty)生效，欧共体演化为欧洲联盟。 欧盟成员国 For discussion… Country economic data: GDP国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product）； GDP per capital人均, PPP购买力平价Purchasing Power Parity指两种货币之间的汇率决定于它们单位货币购买力之间的比例 , Gini index基尼系数，关于贫富差距的指标。在全部居民收入中，用于进行不平均分配的那部分收入占总收入的百分比。 , currency (exchange rate with RMB), foreign currency reserve高额外汇储备对我国经济发展产生了一系列负面影响, trading volume…交易额 Natural resources. Three-tiered economy: primary tier (agriculture, main products?), second tier (industry, main products?), third tier (service, main products?) Economic relations with China? Any economic problems? 作业discussion p80 1. Define “absolutely decline and relatively decline” in the UK economy. How does the author explain the reasons for the absolute decline and relative decline. 2. What did the Conservative party under Mrs. Margaret Thatcher promise to do to the UK national economy in 1979? The word “reform” in the national economy was also popular when she formed the government decided to change the UK economy. What was her radical reform program” Was the program successful according to the author? 3. the author believes that Britain, like most developed economics, has seen a relatively shrinking of the importance of secondary industry and a spectacular growth in tertiary or service or service industries. Why is it so? Do you see a similar growth in tertiary industries in China in the past 20 years or so? How is this growth related to the reform and opening up to the outside world? National economy[国民经济] primary industry [产业]: agriculture, fishing, mining. [natural resources] Secondary industry: manufacturing [加工制造] industry - low/high-valued added. Tertiary industry [services]: tourism, banking, retailing, insurance… Data: GDP [per