非谓语动词完全详解——万能模式.docVIP

（一）不定式 1、形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing 1） 完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式. ? I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother). (比较: I am glad to see you.) He is said to have written a new book about workers. He pretended not to have seen me. 2） 进行式: 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式. ? You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. He pretended to be listening attentively. 3） 完成进行式: 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式. ? The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years. We are happy to have been working with you. 4） 被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式. ? It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. She hated to be flattered. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. This is bound to be found out. There are a lot of things to be done. She was too young to be assigned such work. 2、不定式的常考形式： 1）一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2）完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 3、不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 4、不定式的省略 1）感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 　 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实) 　 I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调动作） 2）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 3）使役动词：have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I’d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. 4）help；help sb do；help sb to do；help do help to do 5、有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，ref