信息系统与组织变化.docVIP

作业_信息系统与组织变化 背景知识——电子医疗纪录的基本概念（摘自wiki） An electronic medical record (EMR) is a computerized medical record created in an organization that delivers care, such as a hospital or physicians office. Electronic medical records tend to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage, retrieval and modification of records. Comparison with paper-based records Paper-based records are still by far the most common method of recording patient information for most hospitals and practices in the U.S. The majority of doctors still find their ease of data entry and low cost hard to part with. However, as easy as they are for the doctor to record medical data at the point of care, they require a significant amount of storage space compared to digital records. In the US, most states require physical records be held for a minimum of seven years. The costs of storage media, such as paper and film, per unit of information differ dramatically from that of electronic storage media. When paper records are stored in different locations, collating them to a single location for review by a health care provider is time consuming and complicated, whereas the process can be simplified with electronic records. This is particularly true in the case of person-centered records, which are impractical to maintain if not electronic (thus difficult to centralise or federate). When paper-based records are required in multiple locations, copying, faxing, and transporting costs are significant compared to duplication and transfer of digital records. Because of these many after entry benefits, federal and state governments, insurance companies and other large medical institutions are heavily promoting the adoption of electronic medical records. Handwritten paper medical records can be associated with poor legibility, which can contribute to medical errors. Pre-printed forms, the standardization of abbreviations, and standards for penmanship were encouraged to improve reliabil