语言测试的基本理论.docVIP

Theories and Practice of English Language Testing Chapter One: Basic Notions about Language Testing 1..1 What is language testing, and what is it concerned about?（语言测试的性质和目的） Language testing refers to the systematic and scientific ways to measure and evaluate learners’ learning result and teachers’ teaching effectiveness. 1.2. Some basic notions and points about language testing: 1.2.1What is language ability and measurement of language ability (语言能力的测量)? 1.2.2. Scope of language ability is shown as the following diagram: 语言能力 组织能力 语用能力 语法能力 语篇能力 语言功能能力 社会语言能力 语音 词语连接 表达功能 对方言或变体的语感 词汇 修辞结构 控制功能 对语域差异的语感 词法 教诲功能 对自然地道语言的语感 句法 想象功能 对文化含义或比喻的理解 1.2.3 Language measurement refers to the meaningful and appropriate interpretations that English teachers make on the basis of a given test scores. As we know that learners’ language ability is psychological behaviors, and is difficult to measure. Therefore, we have to use some quantitative scores or criteria to measure learners’ language production. 1.2.4 Rules for the measurement of language ability (语言能力的测量法则) 1.2.5 Rules refer to the ways and criteria to measure learners’ language ability. A reliable and valid measurement should be based on the reasonable and scientific rules and methods. 1.2.6 What is a language test? A language test refers to any procedures for measuring learners’ language competence and performance. Anastasi(阿纳斯塔西), a psychologist defined the test as a standardized and objective measurement of behavior samples1.(将心理测验定义为一种对行为样本客观和标准化的测量1961). What is evaluation? Evaluation refers to any systematic procedures for gathering and analysis of information for the purpose of decision making. (为作出某种决策而收集资料，并对其进行分析、解释的系统过程) Evaluation uses both quantitative methods and qualitative methods (量化、质化方法) to evaluate a learner’s language competence