高考英语短文改错详解(超级详细版).docVIP

2015高考英语 短文改错① 四川卷短文改错文章以记叙文为主，考察词类覆盖面广，涉及名词、动词、冠词、代词、介词、形容词、副词等的基本用法 ② 在短文改错中占相当大比例的是动词的形式变化，包括一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词、及被动语态等 ③ 其他如名词的单复数变化、主谓一致、词与词之间的搭配等方面的错误也会出现。 ④ 错误比例分布 多词 ：缺词 ：错词 普遍 1 ： 1 ： 8 偶尔 2 ： 1 ： 7 偶尔 1 ： 2 ： 7 名词 1 1 1 1 连词 2 1 1 1 形容词 1 1 0 2 副词 0 1 1 0 代词 1 1 1 1 冠词 1 1 0 1 介词 1 0 2 1 短文改错的常见错误类型 1. 动词错误类型：时态、语态 （历年考试的重点和热点） ①时态错用（和主体时态矛盾） ② and 前后动词时态不一致; ③ 主谓不一致 ④ 缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤ 第三人称单数形式错用 ⑥ 主动语态和被动语态错用。 ⑦固定搭配错误 1）历年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据，以明显的时间状语为依据。 eg. I was only four when she passes away. (根据I was only four) 注意：主从复合句中，如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据需要用各种时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句需要用相应的过去时态。 举例说明：I think that he is a good man/that he did not finish his work yesterday. He said that he had visited the park. 2) and/but前后都有谓语动词称为并列谓语，以短文主体时态为准，一定注意两个动词时态是否一致。 eg. She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to… 3.1)主谓不一致一般都是考简单句：主谓宾/主系表，所以注意主语和谓语实义动词/be动词是否一致就变得不难了。 eg. One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. 3.2) 主语后有with,together with,along with, as well as, like, but, except, rather than, besides, including 等短语时，谓语动词和主语一致。（A together with B 作主语，谓语动词依A来定）Nobody except my parents knows anything about it. 3.3）or, neither…nor.., either…or…, not only…but also…连接并列主语遵循就近原则。 He or his brothers was to blame for the broken window. 3.4)one of +复数名词后的定语从句谓语动词用复数，但the (only/very/right) one of +复数名词后的定语从句，谓语动词需用单数。Eg. James is the only one of my friends who are lazy. 3.5) no, many a, more than on+单数名词表示复数意思，但因中心词是单数，谓语仍用单数。Eg. More than one student have been to Bazhong. 3.6）有些名词只有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Clothes, glasses眼镜，shoes，chopsticks筷子，scissors剪刀, trousers, jeans, stocks…. Eg. This pair of trousers belong to my sister. Mine are being washed. 主谓一致(