英语语法总结4.docVIP

必修4 Ⅰ主语和谓语动词的一致 英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化，也就是说，位于必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。 一、语法上一致：主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 １、不可数名词、动词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。 ２、and连接主语时： ⑴由and或both。。。and连接两个单数名词，谓语用复数；但是由and连接的两个词指同一人、同一物、同一事、同一概念时，谓语用复数。 Eg: The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk. ⑵凡是由each…and each…,every…and every…,no…and no…,many a…and many a…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。 ⑶由and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。 Eg: Good and bad meat in the market are sold out. ⑷凡是不可数名词+后置并列修饰语作主语时， 谓语用单数。 Eg: Beer from the USA and Germany is much better than that from Britain. ⑸凡由and带两个the（a或物主代词）的单数可数名词时，谓语用复数；如果只有前一个名词带the（a或物主代词），则谓语用单数。 Eg: The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio. The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. ⑹由and连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。 Eg: The teacher,and perhaps his students too,is likely to be present. ⑺what从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数；并列缩略式常用单数。 Eg: What he says and what the thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair. ⑻由and连接的两个疑问代词、动名词、不定式作主语时，根据意义一致的原则，谓语的单、复数均可。 3、主语+介词（短语）等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词的影响。 Eg: The man with his daughters and sons is watching TV. 4、不定代词either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,no one,nobody,someone, somebody,anything,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither等作主语时，谓语用单数；none作主语时，谓语单复、数均可。 5、“many a(an)+名词”和“more than one+名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。 6、在四则运算中，谓语用单、复数均可。Eg: Two times two is(are) four. 7、当kind of,pair of,type of等短语作主语时，谓语与of前的kind,pair,type等保持一致。 Eg: This pair of trousers fits you. 8、当a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a great quantity of等短语作主语时，谓语与of 后的名词保持一致。 Eg: There are plenty of eggs in the basket. Lots of meat has been sold out. 9、当“分数或百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致。 10、“one of+复数名词+定语从句“中，如关系代词作主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断；若是one of结构，定语从句用复数；若是the(only) one of结构，定语从句用单数。 Eg: Joey is one of the girls who like swimming. Lily is the only one of the girls who likes football in our class. 11、“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语