03 附肢骨.ppt

一、The bones of upper limbs The bones of upper limbs include shoulder girdle上肢带骨and the bones of free upper limb自由上肢骨. The shoulder girdle consist of the clavicle锁骨 and the scapula肩胛骨 一、The bones of upper limbs The bones of free upper limb自由上肢骨include the bone of upper arm (humerus肱骨),the bones of the forearm (the radius桡骨 and ulna尺骨) and the bones of hand (the carpal bones腕骨, metacarpal bones 掌骨 and phalanges指骨) 1. The clavicle 锁骨 The Clavicle is S-shaped and curved rod of bone.The medial 2/3 of the bone is convex forward whereas the lateral 1/3 is concave forward. The rounded medial (or sternal胸骨端)end jionts the sternum .The flattened lateral(or acromial肩峰端)end joints the scapula. The scapula has three borders ,three angles and two surfaces. three borders Superior: scapular notch 肩胛切迹 coracoid process 喙突 Lateral (axillary) border腋缘 Medial (vertebral) border脊柱缘 The radius is the lateral bone of the two in the forearm. It has a shaft and two ends. Upper end: head of radius桡骨头 neck of radius桡骨颈 Lower end: styloid process 桡骨茎突 ulnar notch尺切迹 carpal articular surface腕关节面 Fracture of the distal end of the radius The ulna lies medial to the radius in the forearm. It is also a long bone with two ends and a shaft. Upper end: olecranon鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突 trochlear notch滑车切迹 Lower end styloid process 尺骨茎突 head of ulna 尺骨头 Carpal bones 腕骨 舟月三角豆 大小头状钩 二、The bones of Lower Limb The lower limb which is similar to the upper ,is connected to the trunk by a girdle ,the pelvic girdle ,the free lower limb is divided into three segments ,the thigh ,the leg and the foot . 二、The bones of Lower Limb The pelvic girdle is formed by a hip bone髋骨on each side .The bone of the thigh is the femur股骨 .The bones of the leg are the medial tibia胫骨 and the lateral fibula腓骨 .The bones of the foot are composed of three parts , the tarsal bones跗骨, the metatarsal bones跖骨, the phalanges 趾骨 Hip bone The hip bone of a newborn consist