外文翻译--润滑和轴颈轴承.doc

附录 英语翻译 LUBRICATION AND JOURNAL BEARINGS 1 Introduction A bearing can be defined as a member specifically designed to support moving machine components. The most common bearing application is the support of a rotating shaft which is transmitting power from one location to another; one example is the crankshaft bearings of automatic engine; another example is the shaft bearings used all types of electric motors. Since there is always relative motion between a bearing and its mating surface, friction is involved. In many instances, such as the design of pulleys, brakes and clutches, friction is desirable. However, in the case of bearings, the reduction of friction is one of prime considerations:friction results in loss of power, generation of heat and wear of mating surfaces. Journal and antifriction bearings are the two general types of bearings existence. Journal bearings operate with sliding contact, whereas antifriction bearings experience predominantly rolling contact. The amount of sliding friction in journal bearings depends on the surface finishes, materials, sliding velocities and the type of lubricant used. The principle motion-retarding effect in antifriction bearings is called rolling resistance rather than rolling friction. This is so because the resistance of motion is essentially due to the deformation of the rolling elements and, hence, it is not a sliding phenomenon. Antifriction bearings will be in chapter 1.4. To reduce the problems associated with sliding friction in journal bearings, a lubricant is used in conjunction with compatible mating materials. When selecting the lubricant and mating materials, one must take into account bearing pressures, temperatures and rubbing velocities.The principle function of the lubricant in sliding contact bearings is to prevent physical contact between the rubbing surfaces. Thus the maintenance of an oil film under varying loads, speeds and temperature is the prime consideration in sliding contact bearings. 2 The