以污水综合排放为例的国家和地方强制性标准对比实证研究.pdf

·标准应用研究· 标 准 科 学 2014年第4期 以污水综合排放为例的国家和地方强制性标准 对比实证研究 马 娜 　韩 晶 （上海市标准化研究院） 摘　要：本文以污水综合排放为研究对象，通过对强制性国家标准和强制性地方标准在分级分类和污染排放限 值等关键内容的深入对比，验证了强制性地方标准在兼顾地方差异的同时对保护环境发挥了切实而重要的作 用，从而在实证上为重新审视强制性地方标准的制定前提、厘清强制性地方标准与强制性国家标准的关系等提 供了直接参考，也在当前标准化法修改工作深入推进的形势下，为强制性地方标准的制度设计、改革路径、体 制创新等提供了实践操作上的依据。 关键词：污水排放 强制性标准 对比分析 实证研究 DOI编码: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5698.2014.04.004 Empirical Study on Comparison of National and Provincial Mandatory Standards Based on Integrated Wastewater Discharge MA Na　 HAN Jing （Shanghai Institute of Standardization） Abstract: This paper puts forward taking integrated wastewater discharge as research object to make comprehensive comparison between mandatory national standards and provincial standards on grading systems and pollutants emitting limits, which proves the positive effects of mandatory provincial standards in environment protection based on location difference. The study provides direct reference for the re-examining on development preconditions of mandatory provincial standards, and the recognition of the relationship between mandatory national standards and provincial standards. It also helps making the practical reference for system making, reform path, and mechanism innovation of mandatory provincial standards under the trend of deepening the revision work of standardization law. Keywords: wastewater discharge, mandatory standards, comparison and analysis, empirical research 污染减排作为约束性指标提出，污水综合排放控制已 1 我国污水综合排放标准概况 成为国家和地方环保工作的一项主要任务。 我国以标准为手段规范水污染防治工作起步较 水污染防治是