稀溶液中化学势的计算以及渗透压公式的推导.pdfVIP

第30卷 第4期 大 学 化 学 Vol.30 No.4 2015年8月 UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY Aug.2015 doi:10.3866/ pku.DXH 稀溶液中化学势的计算以及渗透压公式的推导* ** 陈飞武 韦美菊 叶亚平 袁文霞 (北京科技大学化学与生物工程学院 北京 100083) 摘要 将溶液中某组分化学势的计算方式归纳为两种:(1)利用气液平衡时,溶液中某组分的化学势和 气相中该组分的化学势相等这一关系来计算;(2)利用溶液中某组分化学势的全微分表达式直接积分来计 算。 在此基础上,给出了渗透压公式的一种新推导方式,并指出部分物理化学教材关于渗透压定义(Π = p -p2 1 )的不合理性以及推导渗透压时存在的不妥之处。 关键词 化学势 渗透压 溶液 化学势 中图分类号 O6;G64 Calculation of Chemical Potential in Dilute Solution and Derivation of the Osmotic Pressure Equation* ** Chen Feiwu Wei Meiju Ye Yaping Yuan Wenxia (School of Chemistry andBiological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China) Abstract There are two waystocalculatethechemicalpotentialofacomponentinsolution. Oneisthat,inthe gas-liquid phase equilibrium,thechemicalpotential of acomponent in solutionisequaltoitscorrespondingchemical potential in the gas phase;thus,the chemical potential of the component in solution can be easily obtained through the gas-liquid equilibrium once its chemical potential in gas phase is known. Another way is to integrate directly the total differential ofthechemicalpotentialofthecomponentinsolution. Basedonthis,anewwaytoderivetheosmot- ic pressure equation ispresentedinthisarticle. Itisalsopointedoutthatthedefinitionsabouttheosmoticpressurein some domestic physical chemistry textbooks are not reasonable and the derivation of the osmotic pressure equation is not valid. Key Words Chemical potential;Osmotic pressure;Sol