History of the left-Hand Material英文资料.pdfVIP

History of the Left-Hand material ZHANG Kai-Wen (School of Physics, Nanjing University of science and technology) Abstract ：In this paper, I make a review on the history of the Left-hand materials. The origin of this material, the qualities and the foundation of this theory is introduced in details. I use the knowledge of electrodynamics and consult some others ’ papers just to deduce the conclusion Victor Veselago has deduced in 1968.Also several construction methods and their theories are briefly introduced. And the recent developments about the Left-hand materials are also introduced in this paper. Keywords : L eft-hand material negative refraction negative permeability negative permittivity split-ring resonator Introduction As we all know, the permittivity and permeability to most materials is positive which comes from the atoms‟ response to the external field. But in 1968, the former Soviets physicists, Victor Veselago has a theoretical research on the electromagnetic reaction when  and  is negative simultaneously. He found that when they are both negative, the electromagnetic spreading regulation has changed greatly: the Poynting vector and the wave vector have opposite directions. The electric field vector, magnetic vector and the wave vector comply with the left spiral law .Then this kind of material is called left-hand materials (LHMs). But the major problem is that the amazing materials are hard to be found in nature. Fortunately in 1996, the British Academician, Pehdry, pointed that cyclically arranged metal slender tinsels can have a negative permittivity. And three years later, he designed a periodic structure with magnetic response which realized negative permeability