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Electrochemistry Communications 9 (2007) 2601–2605 /locate/elecom Development of novel low-temperature SOFCs with co-ionic conducting SDC-carbonate composite electrolytes Jianbing Huang, Zongqiang Mao *, Zhixiang Liu, Cheng Wang Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Received 23 June 2007; received in revised form 21 July 2007; accepted 31 July 2007 Available online 7 August 2007 Abstract A series of ceria-based composite materials consisting of samaria doped ceria (SDC) and binary carbonates(Li CO –Na CO ) were 2 3 2 3 examined as functional electrolytes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). DTA and SEM techniques were applied to char- acterize the phase- and micro-structural properties of the composite materials. Conductivity measurements were carried on the composite electrolytes with a.c. impedance in air. A transition of ionic conductivity with temperature was occurred among all samples with different carbonate content, which related to the interface phase. Single cells based on the composite electrolytes, NiO as anode and lithiated NiO as cathode, were fabricated by a simple dry-pressing process and tested at 400–600 C. The maximum output power at 600 C increased with the carbonate content in the composite electrolytes, and reached the maximum at 25 wt.%, then decreased. Similar trend has also shown at 500 C, but the maximum was obtained at 20wt.%. The best performances of 1085 mW cm2 at 600 C and