《国内外草畜平衡研究进展 Research Progress of Grassland Feed-animal Balance at Home and Abroad》.pdfVIP

中国农学通报 2013,29 20 :1-6 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 国内外草畜平衡研究进展 1 2 2 1 2 2 买小虎 ，张玉娟 ，张英俊 ，师尚礼 ，黄 顶 ，张亚军 1 （甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室，兰州730071； 2 中国农业大学动物科技学院，北京100193） 摘 要：草畜平衡长期以来是草地生态系统研究的热点。然而，多年来的研究成果未能有效解决草地退 化以及畜牧业可持续发展的管理和技术问题，现有的草畜平衡研究体系尚存在一定缺陷。笔者论述了 草畜平衡的国内外研究进展，讨论了确定草原载畜量所涉及的基本概念、基本方法和实践问题，特别是 载畜量的确定和牧民收入问题。并通过对草原畜牧业发展、划区轮牧和季节畜牧业等概念的探讨，进一 步阐述了在草原牧区提高畜牧业经营水平和维持草畜平衡的相关理论和实践问题。草畜平衡应由侧重 牲畜数量监管模式改为以草原质量为依据，以税收等市场手段为主体的市场经济管理新模式。 关键词：草畜平衡；载畜量；牧草产量；采食量 中图分类号：S812.5 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2013-0962 Research Progress of Grassland Feed-animal Balance at Home and Abroad Mai Xiaohu1 2 2 1 2 2 , Zhang Yujuan , Zhang Yingjun , Shi Shangli , Huang Ding , Zhang Yajun 1 CollegeofPractacultureScience,GansuAgriculturalUniversity/ KeyLaboratoryofGrasslandEcosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730071; 2 CollegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity, Beijing 100193 Abstract: Feed-animal balance was the key technique on the grassland ecosystem management, and attracts widespread attention in the world. Many studies have been conducted by former researchers, and most of their efforts were intended to keep the balance of feed-animal. However, there were still much more issue needed to be studied in details on the face of grassland degeneration and animal husbandry sustainable development. The author analyzed the feed-animal balance research progress, including the concept of stocking rate and its practical management techniques, especially on the stocking rate calculation methods. In addition, the social and economy effects on feed-animal balance were also discussed during the progress of improving the development of pastoral economy. In order to achieve feed-animal balance more effectively, it was concluded that the focus must be shift from only on animal number to the grassland quality, and it ’s necessary to strengthen market tax control. Key words: feed-animal balance; grazing capacity; herbage yield; feed intake