曼昆《经济学原理第三版》宏观分册原版中英文双语PPT课件Chap4.ppt

Measuring the Cost of Living生活费用的衡量 Chapter 24 Measuring the Cost of Living生活费用的衡量 Inflation refers to a situation in which the economy’s overall price level is rising. 通货膨胀是指经济中物价总水平上升的情况。 The inflation rate is the percentage change in the price level from the previous period. 通货膨胀率是从前一个时期以来物价总水平变动的百分比。 The Consumer Price Index The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the CPI each month. It is used to monitor changes in the cost of living over time. 消费物价指数 消费物价指数 (CPI)是普通消费者所购买的物品与劳务的总费用的衡量标准。 劳工部的一个部门劳工统计局每月都计算并公布消费物价指数。 它被用来监测生活费用随着时间的变化情况。 The Consumer Price Index消费物价指数 When the CPI rises, the typical family has to spend more dollars to maintain the same standard of living. 当CPI上升时，普通家庭不得不花费更多的美元来保持原来的生活水平。 How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated Fix the Basket: Determine what prices are most important to the typical consumer. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) identifies a market basket of goods and services the typical consumer buys. The BLS conducts monthly consumer surveys to set the weights for the prices of those goods and services. 如何计算消费物价指数 固定篮子: 确定哪些物价对普通消费者是最重要的。 劳工统计局(BLS)通过消费者调查并找出普通消费者购买的一篮子物品与劳务。 劳工统计局每月对消费者进行调查来确定对这些物品与劳务价格的权数。 How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated如何计算消费物价指数 Find the Prices: Find the prices of each of the goods and services in the basket for each point in time. 找出价格：找出每个时点上篮子中每种物品与劳务的价格。 How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated如何计算消费物价指数 Compute the Basket’s Cost: Use the data on prices to calculate the cost of the basket of goods and services at different times. 计算这一篮子东西的费用：用价格数据计算不同时点一篮子物品与劳务的费用。 How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated Choose a Base Year and Compute the Index: Designate one year as the base year, making it the benchmark against which other years are compared. Compute the index by dividing the price of the basket in one year by the price in the