曼昆《经济学原理第三版》宏观分册原版中英文双语PPT课件Chap5.ppt

Production and Growth生产与增长 Chapter 25 Production and Growth生产与增长 A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services. 一国的生活水平决定于它生产物品与劳务的能力。 Production and Growth生产与增长 Within a country there are large changes in the standard of living over time. 即使在一个国家内，生活水平也随着时间推移而发生了巨大变化。 Production and Growth生产与增长 In the United States over the past century, average income as measured by real GDP per person has grown by about 2 percent per year. 在美国过去一个世纪里，按人均实际GDP衡量的平均收入每年增长2％左右。 Production and Growth Productivity refers to the amount of goods and services produced for each hour of a worker’s time. A nation’s standard of living is determined by the productivity of its workers. 生产与增长 生产率 是指一个工人一小时生产的物品与劳务量。 一国的生活水平决定于它的工人的生产率。 Table 1 The Variety of Growth Experiences 表1. 不同的增长经历 Economic Growth Around the World世界各国的经济增长 Living standards, as measured by real GDP per person, vary significantly among nations. 人均实际GDP数据表明各国生活水平差别很大。 Economic Growth Around the World世界各国的经济增长 The poorest countries have average levels of income that have not been seen in the United States for many decades. 最穷的国家的平均收入水平是美国几十年来所没有看到的。 Economic Growth Around the World Annual growth rates that seem small become large when compounded for many years. Compounding refers to the accumulation of a growth rate over a period of time. 世界各国的经济增长 看起来很小的增长率在许多年的复利计算之后变得很大。 复利计算 是指在一个时期内的增长率的累积。 Compounding and the Rule of 70复利计算与70规则的魔力 According to the rule of 70, if some variable grows at a rate of x percent per year, then that variable doubles in approximately 70/x years. 根据70规则，如果某个变量每年按x%增长，那么在将近70/x年以后该变量翻一番。 An Example of the Rule of 70 $5,000 invested at 7 percent interest per year, will double in size in 10 years 70/ 7 = 10 70规则的一个例子 每年利率为7％的5000美元投资在10年后的价值翻一番。 70/ 7 = 10 PRODUCTIVITY: ITS ROLE AND DETERMINANTS生产率:作用及决定因素 Productivity plays a key role in determining living standards for all nations in the world. 生产率在决定世界上所有国家的生活水平方面