CalibrationMethods-LaSalleUniversity.ppt

* * * * * Instrumental Analysis The course is designed to introduce the student to modern methods of instrumental analysis In modern analytical chemistry. The focus of the course is in trace analysis, and therefore methods for the identification, separation and quantitation of trace substances will be described. Scope and Relevancy of Instrumental Analysis Approximately 66% of all products and services delivered in the US rely on chemical analyses of one sort or another Approximately 250,000,000 chemical determinations are performed in the US each day NIST, 1991, from Managing the Modern Laboratory, 1(1), 1995, 1-9. Instrumental Methods Involve interactions of analyte with EMR Radiant energy is either produced by the analyte (eg., Auger) or changes in EMR are brought about by its interaction with the sample (eg., NMR) Other methods include measurement of electrical properties (eg., potentiometry) Instruments Converts information stored in the physical or chemical characteristics of the analyte into useful information Require a source of energy to stimulate measurable response from analyte Data domains Methods of encoding information electrically Nonelectrical domains Electrical domains Analog, Time, Digital Detector Device that indicates a change in one variable in its environment (eg., pressure, temp, particles) Can be mechanical, electrical, or chemical Sensor Analytical device capable of monitoring specific chemical species continuously and reversibly Transducer Devices that convert information in nonelectrical domains to electrical domains and the converse Calibration Methods Chapter 5 Method Validation Specificity Linearity Accuracy Precision Range Limits of Detection and Quantitation Method Validation - Specificity How well an analytical method distinguishes the analyte from everything else in the sample. Baseline separation vs. time time Method Validation- Linearity How well a calibration curve follows a straight line. R2 (Square of the correlation c