Foldsandfaultsarebothstructuresproducedbythe.docVIP

Folds and faults are both structures produced by the deformation of rocks. Folds are structures where layering is deformed without breaking so that the layering surfaces are curved but continuous. Faults represent a different type of response by rocks to the stresses imposed on them. deformation déformation tectonique (Joly 1997) souple (ductile) cassante flexure pli diaclase faille Monoclines are folds consisting of two horizontal (or nearly so) limbs connected by a shorter inclined limb. They can be compared to anticlines, which consist of two inclined limbs dipping away from each other, and synclines, which consist of two inclined limbs dipping towards each other. déformation pli faille monocline anticline syncline monoclinal anticlinal synclinal monoclinal two horizontal limbs [side of a fold] inclined limb deux couches réunies par un pendage anticlinal two inclined limbs dipping away concave synclinal two inclined limbs dipping together convexe With a fault, the surface along which displacement has taken place is the fault plane. fault fault plane displacement plan de faille déplacement Structure contours can be used to describe the form of fault planes and these are interpreted in the same way as structure contours drawn for any surface. fault fault plane displacement structure contour structure de contour The inclination of a fault plane is described by its dip. Faults with dips greater than 45° are sometimes referred to as high-angle faults those with dips less than 45° are low-angle faults. fault (dip) 45° 45° high-angle fault low-angle fault faille à fort pendage faille à faible pendage The rocks which lie above a fault plane make up the hanging wall, those below the?foot wall. fault above below hanging wall foot wall toit mur The parts of a fault are (1) the fault plane (2) the fault trace (3) the hanging wall