正话反说反话正说.pptVIP

Affirmative vs. Negative 正话反说与反话正说 Lead-in 香港的公共汽车上有一句英文： Please tender exact fare. 恕不找赎。/ 恕不找零。 Lead-in 在公示语的翻译中，要避免生硬。 如果把“禁止”翻译成 “Don’t”。口气就比较生硬，不委婉。如“Don’t pick the flowers.”（禁止摘花）； “Don’t throw something out of the train.”（禁止往车窗外扔东西）； “Don’t tread on the lawn.”（禁止践踏草坪）； “Don’t make noise.”（禁止喧哗）等。 当然这些句子无论是在语法上还是意思上都是正确的，但是语气显得很重，给人一种距离感。 公示语不用Don’t照样能达到预期效果 英语是一种强调委婉的语言，在公园这样的地方一般不使用Don’t这样生硬的词。如 “禁止摘花”可以译为“Keep away from the flowers , please . ”或者“Take care of the flowers, please.”这两句表达的是一个意思，但让人读了很舒服，使人不自觉地生出一种爱花的心情，把爱花当成是自己应尽的义务，跟竖牌子人的心情相一致。Take care of 带有拟人色彩，将花看成是一个baby(孩子), 要人们像爱护和关心baby一样去爱护花木。如此, 这个牌子的目的便达到了。 “禁止喧哗”可以译为Quiet, please.。 此外有些公共场所的提示语在英语中有其固定的用法如 “No spitting” （禁止吐痰）， “No smoking” （禁止吸烟）等等，但No与Dont不一样，它更多地用在中性语境中。我们见到“不许动”，脑海中立即闪现Dont move, 而事实上外国警察所说的却是Freeze，或者Hold it。见到“动我就打死你”自然想到If you move, Ill shoot you.，而外国警察常说的却是 Move and you are dead, man.。所以，我们应该掌握外国警察在类似情况下会怎样表达，而不是按照自己的表达习惯，用英文词把它说出来，虽然有时也可达意，但毕竟不是地道的英语。 Differences in syntax in Chinese and in English decide that the ways of affirmations and negations are made vary greatly in the two languages. Put it this way: the way a British person says NO can sometimes be shockingly different from the way we put it. A typical example is when somebody pays you a compliment, and out of modesty, you would say “不，不；别这样说。” Suppose you have to say, “No, no. don’t say like this”; or “Thank you. You are so kind.” If you opt for the first answer, the other person will probably feel offended unless he is a person with a great sense of humor. Of course, this example perhaps illustrated the cultural difference more than the language difference. Nevertheless it serves as a good example that we should be careful with the way we say YES and NO in a language different from our own. Warm-up Activity 请翻译下面的句子： Suddenly he heard a sound behind him and realized he was not alone in the garage. Haste makes waste. Appearances are deceptive. Negative Words Expressions in English 1) Full negatives :