《Solitonic Problems of BEC in》.pdfVIP

Solitonic Problems of BEC in Optical Lattice ? Discovery, NLSE, Solitonic Solutions,BEC ? BEC in Optical Lattice : Band Structure ? Effective Mass Approximation ? Some Related Experiments ? Tanh method :exact solutions ? Conclusions 合作者 : 程思誠教授, 柯宜謀教授. 博士生 : 官文絢, 李建邦, 葛威成 交大物理所江進福 10/1/2004@NCHU ~ Drazin,Johnson, Solitons 1989 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1. the density of gas must be dilute enough such that 13 15 3. 19 3 collision loss is small, n 10 to 10 /cm air 10 /cm 2. the gas atoms must be kept away from the material wall to reduce the loss of atoms 3. use spin-polarized sample to quench the recombination effects 1-6 Mean-field theory ? In the dilute gas BEC, the range of interatomic force r0, is much smaller than the average 1/3 separation d V/N . ? The temperature of gas is much below the critical temp Tc, where Tc is defined as k T 2/3 2 2/3 c N/V h / 2 πm 2.612 k T ≈p2/2m k T leads to c p d/ ? 1, or p r0 ?, s-wave is enough atomic separation is large enough to use the asymptotic form wave function of two-body scattering 1-7 Laser cooling Metcalf et al, Laser Cooling and Trapping, 1999 1-8 Zeeman effect of the hyperfine structure Add an external magnetic field to the hyperfine states, the interaction hamiltonian is H A J I ·J- μ ·B - μ B J I ? The nuclear magnetic moment is much smaller than the electron, for weak field, the nuclear term can be neglected. 4 μ -g μJ, with the Bohr magneton μ 1.4x10 MHz J J b b weak field if g μB A, that is B 700 gauss . J b The spliting of hyperfine level is then ?E IJFM 2 | g μJ B| IJFM g μB J ? F F /F F J bZ F J b z g μBM F b F, Where the g-factor is g 1/2 g F F+1 +J J+1 -I I+1 / F F+1 F J For 87Rb, I 3/2, J S 1/2, F 2,1 g 2.0, J gF -1/4 for F 1, 1/4 for F 2. 1-9 Breit-Rabi formula 1-10 Optical Dipole Potential When an atom is placed into laser light, the electric field E induces an atomic dipole moment p that oscillates at the driving frequency ω. In the us