不同硬质度胚乳奥帕克-2（o2）玉米籽粒超微结构与品质性状的相关研究.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2005,38(1):59-63 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 不同硬质度胚乳奥帕克-2（o2）玉米籽粒超微结构与 品质性状的相关研究 杨引福，李向拓，谢恩魁 （西北农林科技大学农学院，杨凌 712100） 摘要：以中群 14QPM和陕综 5 号QPM两个优质蛋白玉米（QPM）群体为试材，采用胚乳硬质度 5 级分类法对籽 粒超微结构进行观察分析。结果表明，胚乳硬质度越高，籽粒物理性状越好，蛋白质品质越差；硬质度越低，籽 粒物理性状越差，蛋白质品质越好。在含奥帕克-2（o2）的QPM群体中，胚乳硬质度、籽粒密度的差异主要表现于 胚乳内部组织（EN）的不同，而胚乳边缘组织（EN1 ）无差异。胚乳内部组织结构的疏密排布、淀粉粒形状、均匀 性、角质化程度决定了籽粒物理性状的优劣；胚乳内部组织中基质蛋白形态、密度以及与淀粉粒结合紧密程度决 定了优质蛋白玉米籽粒的营养品质。 关键词：奥帕克-2玉米；籽粒；淀粉粒；胚乳超微结构；基质蛋白质 Correlation Between Ultra-microstructure and Nutrition Quality in Opaque-2 Corn Kernels with Different Hardness Endosperm YANG Yin-fu ，LI Xiang-tuo ，XIE En-kui （Agronomy College of Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100 ） Abstract ：Two quality protein maize populations (C. Pop 14QPM and Shaanzong 5QPM) and five classes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) of endosperm hardness were used to study ultra-microstructure and chemical analysis of their kernels. Results indicated that the harder the endsoperm was, the better the physical characters were and the poorer the protein quality of kernds was. Under the opague-2 background, the differences of kernel density and endosperm hardness mainly experessed in internal endosperm tissue. Kernel physical characters were influenced by cell distribution, shape, homogeneity and texture of starch granules in internal endoperm tissue. Nutrition quality was influenced by the distribution, density and morphology of matrix protein, and the compact degree between starch granules and matrix protein. Key words: Opaque-2 maize；Kernel ；Starch granule；Endosperm ultra-microstructure ；Matrix protein 奥帕克（Opaque）-2 基因（o2）能提高玉米（Zea