甘蓝杂种优势育种技术研究和中甘系列新品种选育回顾与展望.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(增刊1):320-324 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 甘蓝杂种优势育种技术研究和中甘系列新品种 选育回顾与展望 方智远，刘玉梅，杨丽梅，王晓武，庄 木，张扬勇，孙培田 （中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所，北京100081） 摘要：中国农业科学院甘蓝遗传课题组成立近 40 年来，先后突破甘蓝自交不亲和系和雄性不育系选育两项 关键技术，育成甘蓝新品种21 个，累计推广约700 万公顷。研究工作大致分为4 个阶段：1970 年至80 年代初， 以突破甘蓝杂种优势利用和自交不亲和系选育技术，选育丰产型甘蓝杂交种为主要目标；1983 年至 90 年代初， 以抗病抗逆育种为主要目标；90 年代初至 90 年代末，以选育优质品种、突破雄性不育系选育技术为主要目标； 90 年代后期以来，以生物技术与常规技术相结合，实现甘蓝雄性不育系规模化制种，选育商品性好、品质优、耐 裂球、耐贮运的品种为主要目标。总结了课题组的成功经验与存在的主要问题，提出课题组近期的主要方向任务。 关键词：甘蓝；杂种优势；育种技术；品种选育 Review and Prospect of the Breeding of New Varieties Zhonggan Series and the Technology of Heterosis Utilization in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) FANG Zhi-yuan, LIU Yu-mei, YANG Li-mei, WANG Xiao-wu, ZHUANG Mu, ZHANG Yang-yong, SUN Pei-tian (Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10 0081) Abstract: Since the set up of cabbage research group in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences nearly 40 years ago, two key technology breakthroughs of self-incompatible lines and male sterile line have been achieved, and 21 new cabbage varieties have been developed, which have been popularized in an area of about 7 million hectares totally. Research work was divided into four stages: from 1970 to the early 1980s, the breakthrough of cabbage heterosis utilization and self-incompatible lines breeding technology, and the development of high-yielding cabbage varieties were major objectives; from 1983 to the early 1990s, breeding varieties with disease resistance and stress resistance were major objectives; from early 1990s to the late 1990s, the breeding of high-quality varieties, and the breakthrough of male sterile line breeding technology were major object