高产小麦品种中麦9号的选育与应用.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(增刊1):78-84 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 高产小麦品种中麦9 号的选育与应用 石社民，马志强，肖世和，张秀英，李登春，张秋芝，祖茂堂，朱 光，于 兵，孙厚银，闫长生 （中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京100081） 摘要：中麦9 号由多亲本复合杂交并经连续 16 年系谱法选择育成。其在大田生产中的实际亩产达到 9 603 -1 kg·ha ，在国家黄淮北片区试中比对照平均增产6.7%；对条锈、叶锈、白粉等病害均为持久的中抗水平，抗吸浆 虫，抗倒伏，不易穗发芽；光截获性能好，籽粒灌浆中期充实速率快，生育后期遇高温时表现气-冠温差大，有利 于形成大粒。通过完善中麦9 号的良种繁育体系，研制和推广了可发挥该品种大穗大粒特点的缩小行距栽培和“推 迟春一水”肥水调控技术，使严重缺水的华北地区农户种植该品种可少浇水一次。示范推广10 年来经受了种植结 构调整的考验，播种面积连续稳定在每年15 万公顷左右。中麦9 号的育成和推广，打破了北部冬麦区以多穗型为 主的产量结构模式，建立起新的大穗大粒育种技术路线，将本麦区小麦产量育种水平提高到一个新台阶。 关键词：小麦；品种；育种；栽培；高产 Breeding and Cultivation of High-Yielding Wheat Cultivar Zhongmai No.9 SHI She-min, MA Zhi-qiang, XIAO Shi-he, ZHANG Xiu-ying, LI Deng-chun, ZHANG Qiu-zhi, ZU Mao-tang, ZHU Guang, YU Bing, SUN Hou-yin, YAN Chang-sheng (Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 ) Abstract : Zhongmai No.9 was bred by multiple cross and 16-year pedigree selection. It has a good light interception ability, high filling rate, low canopy temperature depression in later growth stage, durably moderate resistance to stripe rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew, and insusceptible to Sitodiplossis mosellana (Gehin), lodging and preharvest sprouting. It presents outstanding yield with an yield record of 9 603 kg·ha-1. Its average yield was 6.7% higher than that of the control variety in the National Wheat Variety Regional Tests. An effective seed-production and cultivation technique system was built for Zhongmai No.9 by reducing row spacing and deferring watering in spring. By planting Zhongmai No.9, farmers could save one-time waterirrigation in the North China. Its sown area was kept around 150 000 ha per year in the past 10 years. The development and extension of Zhongmai No.9, a