论保护性耕作技术的基本原理与发展趋势.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(12):2702-2708 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 论保护性耕作技术的基本原理与发展趋势 高旺盛 （中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/ 区域农业发展研究中心，北京 100094 ） 摘要：本文综合分析国内外保护性耕作技术发展趋势和特点，提出保护性耕作技术概念是泛指为了减少农田 土壤侵蚀，保护农田生态环境而采取的综合性技术体系，其核心技术是土壤少耕免耕技术、农田地表微地形改造 技术及地表覆盖技术，其技术原理是达到农田“少动土”、“少裸露”“少污染”以及“适度湿润”和“适度粗 糙”的耕层土壤状态，保持可持续的土地生产力。在此基础上提出了基于中国国情的保护性耕作技术研究方向以 及不同区域需要解决的关键技术，建立具有中国特色的保护性耕作技术体系。 关键词：保护性耕作；概念；原理；研究方向 Development Trends and Basic Principles of Conservation Tillage GAO Wang-sheng (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology /Centre of Regional Farming System Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094) Abstract: Based on the systematic analysis of characteristics and development trends of conservation tillage in the world, the definition of conservation tillage (CT) was defined as an integrative technology system, which will reduce soil erosion and protect ecological environment in agricultural system. The key technologies of CT include the technology of minimum tillage and no-tillage, the technology of micro-topographical alteration and the technology of surface coverage. The principles of CT are to achieve lower soil disturbances, less bareness, less pollution, moderate moisture, moderate roughness and to maintain sustainable productivity of farmland. According to the concepts and principles of CT, the research direction and the key technologies suited for different regions in China of CT were put forward to build a CT system with Chinese characteristics. Key words: Conservation tillage; Definition; Principle; Research direction 轮作（特别旱田轮作）和减少对土壤的人为干扰，在 1 保护性耕作技术发展趋势 减少物质和能量投入基础上，保持和增加作物产量， 1.1 国际发展趋势 增加农民的经济收入。 美国20 世纪30 年代的“黑风暴”，导致了土壤