骆驼蓬提取物对松材线虫的生物活性及生理效应.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2005,38(10):2014-2022 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 骆驼蓬提取物对松材线虫的生物活性及生理效应 翁群芳，钟国华，胡美英，罗建军，李晓刚 (华南农业大学昆虫毒理研究室，广州 510642) 摘要：为寻找创制新型生物合理杀线虫剂提供活性模板化合物和理论基础，首次报道广泛分布于中国西北地 区的荒漠抗逆植物骆驼蓬对松材线虫的生物活性及生理效应。松枝水培试验结果表明，骆驼蓬种子正丁醇萃取物 250 µg·ml-1 处理后，松枝蒸腾强度、流脂量级别和病情指数均与清水对照差异不显著，对松材线虫病害的控制效 果明显优于石油醚萃取物、氯仿萃取物和水萃取物。从正丁醇萃取物中分离获得骆驼蓬总碱、骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆 驼蓬碱和馏分A ～A。毒力测定表明，骆驼蓬碱、馏分A 和A 是骆驼蓬杀线虫的主要活性成分，处理后48 h，对 1 8 1 6 松材线虫(混合虫龄)LC -1 50 分别为135.74、160.40和86.02 µg·ml 。正丁醇萃取物、骆驼蓬总碱、骆驼蓬碱、去氢 骆驼蓬碱、馏分A 和A 均能显著抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶活性，但对碱性磷酸酯酶活性无显著影响，对 1 6 α-和β-乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶活性有不同程度的抑制作用，以 100 µg·ml-1 处理松材线虫后 6 h，乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力 抑制率为50.15%～73.14%，对酸性磷酸酯酶活性的抑制率为38.56%～48.37%。抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性可能是骆驼 蓬提取物主要杀线虫机理之一。 关键词：骆驼蓬；次生代谢物；松材线虫；生物活性；生理效应 Bioactivities and Physiological Effects of Extracts of Peganum harmala Against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus WENG Qun-fang, ZHONG Guo-hua, HU Mei-ying, LUO Jian-jun, LI Xiao-gang (Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642) Abstract: Peganum harmala L. is a resistant plant distributed in the desert area of China. The rising intensity of moisture, level of resinosis and index of disease of pine infected by mixed instar of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were not significantly different from CK when pine branch were treated with 250 µg·ml-1 of n-butanol extract of P. harmala in water-potted test, which indicated n-butanol extract of P. harmala shows control effects superior to petroleum ether, chloroform and water extract against B. xylophilus . The total alkaloid extract, harmaline, harmine and 8 f