principles of anatomy and physiology.pptVIP

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Thirteenth Edition Chapter 19 The Cardiovascular System: The Blood Copyright ? 2012 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. Gerard J. Tortora ? Bryan H. Derrickson Plasma (55%) Red blood cells (45%) Buffy coat, composed of white blood cells and platelets (a) Appearance of centrifuged blood White blood cells 5000–10,000 Formed elements 45% Platelets 150,000–400,000 Red blood cells 4.8–5.4 million Neutrophils 60–70% Lymphocytes 20–25% Monocytes 3–8% Eosinophils 2–4% Basophils 0.5–1.0% PLASMA (weight) SOLUTES FORMED ELEMENTS (number per μL) WHITE BLOOD CELLS VOLUME BODY WEIGHT Whole blood 8% Other fluids and tissues 92% Blood plasma 55% Proteins 7% Water 91.5% Other solutes 1.5% Albumins 54% Electrolytes Globulins 38% Fibrinogen 7% All others 1% Nutrients Gases Regulatory substances Waste products (b) Components of blood White blood cell Platelet Red blood cell SEM 3500x (a) Scanning electron micrograph White blood cell (leukocyte—monocyte) LM 400x (b) Blood smear Platelet Red blood cell (erythrocyte) Blood plasma White blood cell (leukocyte—neutrophil) Progenitor cells Precursor cells or blasts Formed elements of circulating blood Tissue cells Proerythroblast Megakaryoblast Eosinophilic myeloblast Basophilic myeloblast Myeloblast Monoblast T lymphoblast B lymphoblast NK lymphoblast CFU–E CFU–Meg CFU–GM CFU–GM CFU–Meg CFU–E Key: Colony-forming unit—erythrocyte Colony-forming unit—megakaryocyte Colony-forming unit—granulocyte macrophage Lymphoid stem cell Pluripotent stem cell Red blood cell (erythrocyte) Platelets (thrombocytes) Eosinophil Basophil Neutrophil Monocyte T lymphocyte (T cell) B lymphocyte (B cell) Natural killer (NK) cell Reticulocyte Megakaryocyte Nucleus ejected Granular leukocytes Agranular leukocytes Mast cell Macrophage Plasma cell Myeloid stem cell Key: 8μm Surface view Sectioned view (a) RBC shape Beta polypeptide chains (globins) Heme Iron (Fe2+) Alpha polypeptide chains (globins) (b) Hemoglobin molecule (c) Iron-con