中学英语语法并列句.docVIP

中学英语语法并列句 中学英语教学资源网?→?教学文摘?→ 中学英语语法并列句 2011-11-27 ????(一)何谓并列结构?一个英语句子有时候具有两个或两个以上相互连接而又属于同一层次即具有相同句法功能的语言结构，这种结构称为并列结构。并列结构通常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上平行的词、词组或分词：??Are?we?to?have?the?speech?contest?today?or?tomorrow?(并列连词or连接两个平行的单词)??You?can?go?to?Beijing?either?by?train?or?by?plane.?(并列连词either…or连接两个平行的词组)??Hurry?up,??or?we?shall?be?late?for?the?lecture.?(or连接两句分句)??并列成分有时候不用逗号而用连词加以连接；一般讲，逗号用来连接平行的单词居多：??Fuel,?rice,?oil,?salt——these?are?chief?daily?necessities?of?life.?(柴米油盐——这些是主要的生活日用品。)??在现代英语里，逗号常被用来连接两个短的独立分句，如He?is?absent,?he?is?ill.?实际上，这两个简短的独立分句含有因果关系，这个逗号等于从属连词because，用逗号来取代使引文更为简炼。????(二)并列连词和连接性副词的区别?引导并列结构的并列连词有and,?or,?but,?so,?for,?nor等，并列连词包括关联连词both…and,?either…or，neither…nor，not?only…but?also,?as?well?as,?as?much?as等。并列连词也包括连接性副词，如however,?hence,?therefore,?besides,?moreover,?yet,?anyway,??consequently,?still,?nevertheless,?all?the?same等。但并列连词和连接性副词存在着如下的区别：??1.?位置上的区别??连接两个独立的分句时，并列连词的位置只能放在它所引导的分句句首，前面通常有逗号：?Lopez?left?For?Woodside(美新译西州一城市)the?day?before?yesterday,?and??he?wont?be?back?till?the?end?of?the?month.???I?must?work?harder,??for?I?still?have?a?long?way?to?go.???Pay?him?back,?or?he?will?bring?a?suit?against?you.?(快还他钱，不然他要向你起诉。)They?all?went,??but?I?didnt(go).???连接性副词的位置较灵活，既可放在句首，也可位于句中或句末、但以置于句首居多：??Father?is?ill;? therefore?，he?doesnt?go?to?work?today.?? 置于句首?Father?is?ill;?he,??therefore，?doesnt?go?to?work?today.??置于句首?Father?is?ill;?he?doesnt?go?work?today,??therefore.??置于句末?2.?用法的区别??两个并列连词不可以连用：??Oscar?and?I?go?to?the?club?every?Saturday?evening,?and?but?we?play?bridge?there.?(根据句意，应把but划掉。)??但并列连词却可以和连接性副词连用：??He?is?not?in?favor?of?the?plan,??and?yet?he?raised?no?objection.?????(三)一些常见并列连词的用法?1.?and??(1)表示动作或事物的先后??I?heard?a?crash?and?went?out?to?see?what?had?happened.???The?pictures?and?the?sound?are?relayed?by?the?communication?satellites.?And?they?are?received?in?all?parts?of?the?world.???注意，and也可置于独立分开的分句句首。??(2)表示意义上的增补??The?relations?between?the?two?countries?are?improving:?a?trade