细胞生物学细胞外基质A细胞骨架精要.pptVIP

* Effect of the drug taxol on microtubule organization. (A) Molecular structure of taxol. Recently, organic chemists have succeeded in synthesizing this complex molecule, which is widely used for cancer treatment. (B) Immunofluorescence micrograph showing the microtubule organization in a liver epithelial cell before the addition of taxol. (C) Microtubule organization in the same type of cell after taxol treatment. Note the thick circumferential bundles of microtubules around the periphery of the cell. (D) A Pacific yew tree, the natural source of taxol. (B, C from N.A. Gloushankova et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:8597–8601, 1994. ? National Academy of Sciences; D, courtesy of A.K. Mitchell 2001. ? Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, Canadian Forest Service.) * The precise mechanism by which colchicine relieves the pain associated with gout is not known. However, it is believed that major relief involves colchicines major pharmacological action: binding to tubulin dimers. Colchicine binding prevents curved tubulin from adopting a straight structure, which inhibits assembly. Colchicum autumnale * taxol, stabilizes microtubules rather than inhibiting their assembly. Such stabilization also blocks cell division, and taxol is used as an anticancer agent as well as an experimental tool. Colchicine are examples of commonly used experimental drugs that bind tubulin and inhibit microtubule polymerization, which in turn blocks mitosis. Colchicum autumnale Colchicine 微管参与细胞内物质运输 细胞内有一类蛋白质能够用ATP供能,产生推动力，介导细胞内物质沿细胞骨架运输，这种蛋白分子称为马达蛋白。 至今所发现的马达蛋白可分为三个不同的家族∶肌球蛋白(myosins)家族、驱动蛋白(kinesins)家族、动力蛋白(dyneins)家族。 其中驱动蛋白和动力蛋白是以微管作为运行的轨道，而肌球蛋白则是以肌动蛋白纤维作为运行的轨道。 微管参与细胞内物质运输通过马达蛋白介导完成 马达蛋白（motor protein ）介导模式 微管的功能 构成细胞内的网状支架，支持和维持细胞的形态。 微管参与中心粒、纤毛和鞭毛的形成。 参与细胞内物质的运输。 维持细胞内细胞器的定位和分布。 参与染色体的运动，调节细胞分裂。 参与细胞内信号的传导。 二、微丝 微丝（microfilament, MF ）是普遍存在于真核细胞中由肌动蛋白（actin）组成的骨架纤维。 微丝的结构单位: 肌动蛋白 目前已发现3种肌动蛋白异构体：α β γ ，人有6种基因型 α肌动蛋白：横纹肌型，心肌型，血管平滑肌型 β肌动蛋白：细胞