维生素与辅酶-广州中医药大学精品课程.ppt

Chapter7Vitamins 维生素 主要介绍各种维生素的结构、性质和功能，维生素与辅酶的关系,维生素缺乏症。 Introduction Definition ：Vitamins are organic nutrients that are required in small quantities for a variety of biochemical functions and which, generally, cannot be synthesized by the body and must therefore be supplied by the diet食物. history The early history of vitamins can be traced to observations that certain disease could be cured by a supplement of another foodstuff. Eg: the ancient Arab physicians and their successors valued the use of liver to cure night blindness, the North America Indian knew that scurvy(坏血病） could be treated by a tea made from cedar(雪松 ) leaves. In seventeenth century, it was standard procedure for the British Navy to provide lemon juice for its sailors to prevent scurvy. history Thiamine was discovered in 1912 was thought to be a vital amine compound thus the term vitamin was invented Vita=vital for life Min=amine Properties 特点： 1. They are not used for energy supply, but have Important roles in regulating metabolism and maintaining physiological functions of the body. 2. They are low-molecular-weight organic compounds. 3. Generally, they cannot be synthesized in body and must be supplied by the diet in small amounts . 4. Absence or relative deficiency of vitamins leads to characteristic deficiency states and diseases. But if any vitamin is so much in excess of the body’s metabolic capacity, there maybe signs of toxicity. Classification分类 lipid-soluble vitamin: soluble in non-polar organic solvents water-soluble vitamin: soluble in aqueous solvents Essential Vitamins For Human Being 维生素缺乏病的原因 1、进食量不足2、吸收障碍3、需要量增加4、服用某些药物 5、生物体特异缺陷 Section I Water-soluble Vitamins水溶性维生素 Common features: ﹡1.Water soluble ﹡2.Easy to be discharged through urine. Rarely accumulated to the toxic concentrations. ﹡3.Their storage is limit. Must be provided regularly. Vitamin B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in the liver for many years. （一）维生素