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* AuthorshipThe uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to medical journals state that authorship credit should be based only on substantial contribution to: conception and design, or analysis and interpretation of data drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published.? All these conditions must all be met. Participation solely in the acquisition of funding or the collection of data does not justify authorship.? We want authors to assure us that all authors included on a paper fulfil the criteria of authorship. In addition we want assurance that there is no one else who fulfils the criteria but has not been included as an author. We believe that the definition of authorship, produced by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (or Vancouver Group, see ), has some serious flaws.? The current definition of authorship does not make clear who has contributed what to the published study, nor does it clarify who is responsible for the overall content. It also excludes those whose sole but often large contribution has been to collect data.? We now list contributors in two ways. Firstly, we publish a list of authors names at the beginning of the paper and, secondly, we list contributors (some of whom may not be included as authors) at the end of the paper, giving details of who did what in planning, conducting, and reporting the work.? One or more of these contributors are listed as guarantors of the paper. The guarantor accepts full responsibility for the work and/or the conduct of the study, had access to the data, and controlled the decision to publish. See? /cgi/content/full/323/7313/588 Contributorship and guarantorship are concepts that were applied first to original research papers, and are sometimes hard to define for other articles. Each contributorship statement should make clear who has contributed what to the planning, conduct, and reporting of the
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