定语存句要点解析.docVIP

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定语存句要点解析

定语存句要点解析 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)You are a student who is so clever. 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。 注意: (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如: f (3)关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况: a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如: What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 练习题 I.单项填空 1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father? -Yes, he is our headmaster. A. he B. who C.

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