四级作文主体段落透析.pptxVIP

作文主体段落透析及扩展方法 1．段落的构成 段落通常有三部分组成：（1）主题句，它告诉读者在这个段落讨论的核心内容是什么，主题句一般不添加细节；（2）扩展句，说明或支持主题，一般由2-3句构成，进一步解释主题句要表达的内容，添加细节并提出理由；（3）结论句，因写作风格有两种形式，要么总结该段，要么为引领读者进入下一段做铺垫。也有些干脆不写结论句。 示范段落： We all know that cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit because it causes health problems. Doctors say it can be a direct cause of lung cancer and throat cancer and, can also contribute to cancer in other organs. In addition, it can bring about other health problems such as heart and lung diseases. It is clearly identified as one of the chief causes of death in our society. 2．主题句的形式 主题句通常有两种形式：（1）肯定句。例如：Individual Australians are beginning to take more responsibility for recycling their household waste.（2）反诘句。例如：How do you think people will solve the problem of wildlife protection? 3．如何写主题句 （1）使用限制词限定主题 好的主题句经常使用关键词或词组，即限制性词限制这一观点，以防止段落过于松散。例如：Air travel is more convenient than train for at least three reasons. （2）注意主题的可写性 所写的主题不能太笼统，也不能太具体。例如：Raising a dog may cause the spread of rabies.→→Raising pets will be harmful to human health. 再例如：Now let’s talk about something about overpopulation.→→The reasons for the growth of the world population in recent decades are obvious. 在原因、主语和时间方面限制了主题。 （3）选择大众化的观点 一鸣惊人或独辟蹊径，论证的难度大，已落入自己的陷阱不能自拔。采用人们普遍接受的观点比较稳妥，因为雅思考试主要是考查语言运用能力而不是对问题认识的深度。 雅思Task 2作文主体段落扩展方法 1．因果法 因果法通常有明显的表示因果关系的连接词，如because, as a result of , in consequence等。 Preventative medicine has proved to be the most efficient way of reducing the incidence of fatal childhood diseases. As a result of the widespread practice of immunizing young children in our society, many lives have been saved and the diseases have been reduced to almost zero. 2．比较对比法 比较和对比基本一致，不同的是比较强调两事物的共性，对比强调两事物的区别。 An important aspect of travelling in a group is that when an emergency takes place, your friend will give you a hand immediately. To some extent, travelers usually face some risks. When you climb a high mountain, you cannot avoid being hurt by thorns or rocks. If you are alone and are hurt seriously, how