国际贸易---支付方式方案.ppt

Making payment 付款 Methods of payment 付款方式 Methods of payment Instruments of settlement Commercial documents A letter of credit may either be irrevocable and thus, unable to be changed unless both parties agree; or revocable where either party may unilaterally make changes. A revocable letter of credit is inadvisable as it carries many risks for the exporter. 基本概念：irrevocable L/C? 不可撤消信用证 、 revocable L/C 可撤消信用证 提示：实践中基本上不采用可撤消信用证。 A change made to a letter of credit after it has been issued is called an amendment. Banks also charge fees for this service. It should be specified in the amendment if the exporter or the buyer will pay these charges. Every effort should be made to get the letter of credit right the first time since these changes can be time-consuming and expensive. 提示：应避免修改信用证。 To expedite the receipt of funds, wire transfers may be used. Exporters should consult with their international bankers about bank charges for such services. Cash settlement: cash in advance / cash with order documentary collections (D/A, D/P ) documentary letter of credit ( L/C) Settlement on account: open account Receiving payment by cash in advance of the shipment might seem ideal. In this situation, the exporter is relieved of collection problems and has immediate use of the money. A wire transfer is commonly used and has the advantage of being almost immediate. Payment by check, may result in a collection delay of up to six weeks. Therefore, this method may defeat the original intention of receiving payment before shipment Cash in advance / cash with order Documentary collections ( D/A ) This method is used where a credit period (e.g. 30/60/90 days - sight of document or from date of shipment) has been agreed between the exporter and buyer. The buyer is able to collect the documents against their undertaking to pay on an agreed date in the future, rather than immediate payment. The exporters documents a