黑龙江省宁安市东京城林业局第三中学高中英语外研版选修6导学案 Module 5 Cloning Function ；Grammar.docVIP

学习目标： 阅读P60，P62, P63学习虚拟语气。 高考链接： 了解虚拟语气在高考中的考察。 学习过程 I. 应用条件 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。 II．条件状语从句 条件句可分为两类：一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实) If there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气） III．用法及动词形式一、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：If?主语+ 过去时(Be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/could/ might + do　 1．If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2．If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3．If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 注意：一般在虚拟条件句中无论是第几人称，用到系动词的过去式时，只用were而不用was。 二、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If?主语+ had+ done 主句：主语+should/would/could/ might + have done If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 2．If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 3．she looked at me as if I had been a stranger. 她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。 三、表示对将来情况的主观推测　　 主句：主语+ should + do 从句：① if+主语+were to do ? ? ?② if+主语+should/would/could/ might + do ?③ if+主语+did（动词过去式）/ were 1．If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） 2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小） 3．If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小） 四、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ?① 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ② 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 五、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。