修改主谓一致讲述.ppt

* * 主 谓 一 致 性 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要有以下几种情况： 二、意义一致 三、就近原则 一、语法一致 一、语法一致 主语为单数，谓语动词也用单数； 主语为复数，谓语动词也用复数。 例如： I often help him and he often helps me. our shoes are black，mine (=my shoes) are brown． A large quantity of drugs was seized during the raid（突击搜查）. In order to save the ship and the crew large quantities of oil were discharged. （排出）Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge． 二、意义一致 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数； 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。 The crowd were surrounding the government official. (people，police，cattle) Maths is hard to learn. (politics, physics, news, works) 以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics, economics, 国名如the United States;报纸名如the New Times;书名如Arabian Nights (《天方夜谭》）, Great Expectations(《远大前程》)；以及the United Nations作主语时， 三、就近原则 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。 1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下三种情况： 1) and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： He and I _____ both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。 Water and air ______ both important. 水和空气都很重要。 Time and tide _____for no man. 岁月不饶人。 are are wait 2).如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。例如： A).表整体概念的并列结构： bread and butter knife and fork whisky and soda iron and steel law and order B).配套事物： a watch and chain a cart and horse a coat and tie a needle and thread 黄油抹面包 刀叉 威士忌酒加苏打水 钢铁 治安 一块带链的表 马车 针线 配有领带的上衣 The scientist and professor _____ going to give us a talk. 那位科学家兼教授将给我们作报告。 The knife and fork ______ on the desk. 刀叉放在桌上。 Truth and honesty the best policy。 is is is 3). 用and 连接的并列主语被each, every 或 no修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。 Every boy and every girl in the class ______ diligent. 班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。 All work and no play _________ Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍, 聪明也会变傻. is makes 4). 用and或both...and连接不定式和动名词作并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如： Walking and riding good exercises． 但是,并列主语指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念