商务英语重点剖析.ppt

International Trade To know the reasons for international trade, the basic concepts and classification of international trade To have a brief understanding of the business preparatory work, business negotiation and establish of contract. To learn the export and import documentations, import and export procedures. 2.1.1 Definition and Characteristics of International Trade fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries free trade trade barriers natural barriers 自然壁垒 tariff barriers 关税壁垒 revenue tariff protective tariff non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒 Import quota Subsidy Foreign exchange control Cartels Dumping transactions across national borders foreign language, laws and regulations credit financial standing of the dealing partner exchange rate variations cultural difference higher risks level Resource reasons (raw materials, capital, labor, land) capital-intensive products→inductrial countries (Japan; cars) labor-intensive products→low labor cost; modern production facilities(China,Indonesia, the Philippines; clothing, shoes) land-intensive products→large tracts of land (USA; wheat) Economic reasons comparative advantage→mutually beneficial international trade Other reasons political objectives tastes, preferences and consumption patterns: consumer goods, clothes and foodstuffs Export and import Export refers to the trade business that transport products manufactured or processed in one country including labor services to foreign countries for sale. Import is the trade business that involves the transportation of foreign products, including labor services, to the domestic market for sale. Value of foreign trade total amount/value of import and export for a country in a given period Quantum of foreign trade reflects by means of the constant price the development of foreign trade without consideration of inflation 贸易量是剔除了价格变动因素后，用不变价格来表示的贸易规模。 其计算公式为：贸易量 = 贸易额/