民间社会化养老机构困境及对策研究——以C市为例.pdfVIP

摘 要 我国的社会化养老事业始于20世纪50年代，当初的社会化养老机构是各级 政府合并教会、团体开办的救济院、慈幼院而建成的。随着我国经济体制的建立， “职业福利的逐渐萎缩，原来在计划经济时期企业和单位建立起来的福利网也 被打破，“企业人’’和“单位人逐渐改变成“社会人。当初更多的福利服务需 求被推向了“社会福利’’，众多的老年人为提高生活质量，向养老服务业提出了 更高的需求，开始选择去社会化的养老机构养老。 在社会结构不断变迁的大环境下，我国家庭的类型、规模、结构等都发生相 当大的变化，“4—2一l”的家庭结构难以担当居家养老的重任，家庭养老的功能正 在逐步减弱。机构养老模式已形成一种选择趋势，这种趋势正在逐步弥补家庭照 顾功能的不足和缺失。 通过对长春市社会养老机构的调研发现，长春市养老机构存在专业化程度不 足使社会信任度和认可度低、专业化水平先天不足，行业化管理不明显等问题， 本文对这些相关问题进行分析，并提出解决问题的一些个人见解。 关键词：社会化养老：社会化养老机构；发展困境 Abstract China’S social old—age care undertakings began in the 1950s．The original agencies of social old—age care is established mainly through three ways，such as churches merged with governments at all levels；hospices run by relief groups and protectory．With the establishment of China’s economic system，occupational welfare has gradually been shrunk，and welfare nets set up by enterprise and institutions in the period of planned economy are broken．Moreover,‘‘Enterprise-Man’’and‘‘Unit-Man’’ gradually changes into“Social—Man”．More originally welfare service demands are pushed into the”social welfare”．To improve the quality of life，many old people put forward more demands for old-age care service，and begin to choose agencies of social old—age care． The types of families，the size of families and the structure of families all occur considerable changes in the circumstances of the constant changing social structure． The family structure of‘‘4—2-1’’is hard to bear the burden of the family old-age care． The function of the family old-age care is gradually diminishing．The model of agency old—age care is becoming an optional trend，which gradually make up for the shortage and deficiency of the function of the family old—age care． Based on the investigation of agencies of social old—age care in Chang chun city, it is found that there are many problems in the agencies of social old-age care，such as insufficient degree of specialization，low degree of social trust and recognition and SO on．This thesis analyzes that problems，and puts forward