Types of syllabuses.ppt

Types of syllabuses （教学大纲的种类)   Significance: Syllabuses are not only guides for the practice of language teaching, but also the departure point for materials design. ---- 付喆 According to Nunan(1988) , syllabuses are divided into two kinds: product-oriented syllabus (结果性大纲) and process-oriented syllabuses(过程性大纲). What is the product-oriented syllabus? Product-oriented syllabus, which usually consist of lists of knowledge and skills targets that learners should achieve as the result of instruction. What is the process-oriented syllabuses? Process-oriented syllabuses, which focus on the learning experience or learning processes themselves through which language knowledge and skills might be gained. So we can say that the grammatical syllabuses(语法教学大纲), the situational syllabuses(情景教学大纲) and the functional-notional syllabuses(功能-意念大纲) are all belong to the product-oriented syllabus (结果性大纲). While procedural syllabuses (程序型教学大纲), task-based syllabuses(任务型教学大纲) and content syllabuses(内容型教学大纲) are all belong to process-oriented syllabuses (过程性大纲). Wilkins , in his classical work National Syllabuses, according to the difference between synthetic approach(综合法) and analytic approach(分析法), divided the syllabuses into synthetic syllabuses(综合型大纲) and analytic syllabuses(分析型大纲). What is the synthetic syllabuses? Synthetic syllabuses, in which different parts of language are taught separately and step by step so that acquisition becomes a process of gradual accumulation of these parts until the whole structure of language has been built up. What is the analytic syllabuses? Analytic syllabuses, according to which learners are presented with chunks of the language(语言片段) which may include structures of varying degrees of difficulty. The starting point for syllabuses design is not the grammatical system of