第十六章激素生化-上海交通大学医学院精品课程要点.ppt

hormones Part? Ⅰ Introduction 一、endocrine system consists of endocrine cells, hormones,and target cell  Endocrine cells Chemical meterials（ hormones ）， first messengers Synthesis, secretion Blood stream Target cell,target tissue Biological functions 1. 集中存在（内分泌腺），内分泌 （endocrine） 2. 内分泌细胞兼有受体，自分泌 （autocrine）3. 与靶细胞相距较近，旁分泌 (paracrine)4. 神经细胞或体细胞兼内分泌细胞 制造激素的内分泌细胞以下列几种 情况存在： 二、the chemical nature of hormones三、the features of its action 1. 量少2. 作用特异性、效应特异性3. 半寿期短，大多数为数分钟， T3 T4数天，肾上 腺素仅数秒 四、target cells and receptors 1. definition 2. cell position 3. chemical nature 4. The characteristics of binding hormones（1）high specificity  （given position、conformation、crossing binding reaction)（2）high affinity K=[H][R]/[HR] in 10-11---10-9mol/L the general concentration of hormone in bloood in 10-8---10-12mol/L protein peptide hormones  10-6---10-9mol/L Ssteroid,thyroid homones 10-8---10-12mol/L （3）irreversible bind （四）the factors of affecting biological functions of hormones1. the concentration of hormone in blood2. the amount of cell receptors on target cell3. the binding affinity between hormone and its receptor 五、the regulation and feedbackof hormone secretion 1. control and regulation by pituitary and hypothalamic hormones2. control and regulation by some blood components 六、the mechanism of homone action thyroid hormone T3（triiodothyronine) low concentration strong activity T4 （thyroxine） high concentration low activity T1/2 6天 Pat Ⅱ、Thyroid hormone 3, 5, 3’, 5-四碘甲酰原氨酸（T4） 人甲状腺中含碘的Tyr衍生物 表16-2 一、the biosynthesis of thyroid hormone（一）materials tyrosin：not free、tyrosyl residues in thyroglubu