我国毒品犯罪死刑限制适用问题的研究.pdfVIP

刑适用的四个理论依据及在限制毒品犯罪死刑适用实施中的障碍，分别是：文化障碍，重 刑主义观及鸦片历史影响；观念障碍，民众对毒品犯罪的认识偏差；现实障碍，严峻的犯 罪形势及毒品泛滥；法律障碍，司法实践对毒品犯罪死刑标准量化单一。 第三部分是指出我国毒品犯罪死刑适用存在的问题，包括数量标准、纯度折算、量刑 情节要综合考虑及法律上对运输毒品罪刑罚过重，新型毒品立法迷糊等，这些因素都会影 响到毒品犯罪的量刑轻重及刑罚是否失当。司法实践中毒品犯罪死刑适用量相对较多，这 与国际政策和国内人权保障、死刑改革不符，我们应该认识到毒品犯罪的死刑适用标准需 要适当改进。 第四部分是提出限制毒品犯罪死刑适用的可行路径，笔者基于当下我国毒品犯罪死刑 的实际形势，建议从立法和司法两方面入手改革，立法方面主要是限制及逐步废除运输毒 品罪的死刑：对新型毒品类型加快完善立法，慎用死刑；对不同毒品种类的法定刑额度应 作区分。司法限制主要是适当扩大死缓及财产型适用；改变“唯数论”的裁量标准；严格 把握从轻、减轻量刑情节。 关键词：毒品犯罪 死刑问题 限制适用 II Abstract：Drug crime has been a serious crime concerned worldwide．The failure of crackdown on drug crime makes it become the tllird public hazard of the world after terrorism and AIDS．To crackdown drug crime and adapt to the requirements of the development of modem rule of law, every country pays great attention to criminal legislation and forms various distinctive punishment modes．In 1 979，manufacturing，transporting,selling drugs have been stipulated as crimes by penal law for the first time in our country．But in that time，there is no need of heavy penalty on drug crime since it is only an occasional case，not a serious problem in our country,so the maximum penalty set by law on drug crime is set term of imprisonment．After entering the 1 980s，谢m the trend of reform and opening up and the development of social economy,drug penetrates in our country slowly,increasing fiercely and has become a serious thread to the social stability and economic order．砀e previous penalty on drug crime can not ensure the national security and people’s livelihood．So considering the serious drug crime situation，our country has been amending the penal law about drug crime constantly since 1 980s．In 1 982，“Decision on severe punishment for the crime of serious damage to the economy’sets death penalty for selling drug clime for the first time and it is also the first time that out country sets death penalty for drug crime in law．In 1 988，‘‘Supplementary decision on punishment for smuggling’sets death penalty for smuggling drug crim