020808 final Theory Cpk calcualtion program English.docVIP

Theory for the Cpk calculation program—Cpk计算程序之理论 Capability is a measure of a process’ ability to produce units that lie within a given tolerance interval A measurement of a produced unit is affected by many factors that one cannot influence. Examples of this are variations in the tools, material properties, the operator’s skill, measurement errors, temperature and many other factors. The measurement varies from unit to unit, and also when one measures the same unit several times measurement variation . Since one does not have complete information about the contributing factors the measurement varies at random. One cannot exactly predict the measurement for a specific unit, but one can calculate process properties such as average and spread. If all influence on a process is random, the process is said to be in statistic equilibrium. In Figure 1 the process is NOT in statistic equilibrium. Between unit 1 and 10 the averages is approximately 10. Between unit 10 and 11 the material was changed so that between 11 and 20 the average value is 20. Capability是对某种工艺能力潜在能力的估量，是衡量此工艺是否能够保证产品尺寸处于给定的公差范围内的一种手段，产品的测量结果受到许多因素影响，比如：刀具变化、材料特性、操作工技能、测量错误、温度和其他诸多因素。每个产品的测量结果每次是不同的，即使是同一个测量人员对同一个产品测量几次所得的结果也是不同的，因为我们并不能够同时控制所有对于测量结果产生影响的所有因素，所以测量结果是随机的。我们不能准确预知特定产品的测量结果，但是我们可以计算它的一些过程特性，比如：尺寸平均值和尺寸分布状况等。对于某一工艺过程，如果所有影响因素是随机的，那么此工艺应该处于统计平衡状态。图一所示的工艺过程不处于统计平衡状态，1到10号尺寸平均值约为10，而11到20号尺寸的平均值约为20，10号尺寸到11号尺寸时材料变更，所以此工艺不为统计平衡状态。 Figure 1 Process not in statistic equilibrium shows an example of a process in statistic equilibrium. There are only random variations between the measurements. Figure 2 Process in statistic equilibrium The capability shall be measured when the process is in statistic equilibrium. 当工艺过程处于统计平衡状态时潜在工艺能力是可以度量的 Cp and Cpk There is often a tolerance interval for a given measurement. Units within this interval results in approval, outside the interval results in rejection. There are other types of loss functions which can be more realistic; however it is beyond the sco