不同水分处理对烟农0428产量及水分利用效率的影响.docVIP

不同水分处理对烟农0428产量及水分利用效率的影响 　　摘 要： 　　在大田条件下研究了不同水分处理对烟农0428产量、产量构成因素以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：随着干旱程度的加剧，小麦生物产量、经济产量和经济系数降低;当土壤相对含水量低于60%时，烟农0428的生物产量、经济产量大幅度降低，说明土壤相对含水量60%是其获得较高籽粒产量的水分临界点;播种至拔节期，60%的土壤相对含水量是保证公顷穗数在600万以上的水分临界值，拔节至灌浆期它又是保证千粒重在40 g以上的水分临界值;处理6（非需水关键期和需水关键期的土壤相对水分含量下限是60%）经济产量为9 200.4 kg/hm2，水分利用效率高达24.81 kg/（hm2?mm），说明一定范围内，水分利用效率随土壤水分含量的增加而增加，超过一定范围后，水分利用效率呈明显的下降趋势。 　　关键词：小麦;烟农0428;水分利用效率;经济产量 　　中图分类号：S572.01 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2015）06-0022-04 　　Effects of Different Water Treatments on Yield 　　and Water Use Efficiency of Yannong 0428 　　Li Linzhi， Yan Meiling， Sun Xiaohui， Sun Nina，Yu Jingchuan， Jiang Hongming* 　　（Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Yantai 265500， China） 　　Abstract The effects of different water treatments on the yield， yield components and water use efficiency of Yannong 0428 were studied in field. The results showed that the biological yield， economic yield and economic coefficient of wheat decreased with the drought degree increasing. The biological yield and economic yield of Yannong 0428 decreased markedly when the soil water content below 60%， which showed 60% was the critical water content point. The relative soil water content of 60% was the critical value fitted to keep more than 6 million spikes per hectare from sowing to jointing and kept 1 000-grain weight over 40 g from jointing to grain filling. The economic yield and water use efficiency of treatment 6 were 9 200.4 kg/hm2 and 24.81 kg/（hm2?mm） respectively， which indicated that the water use efficiency（WUE）increased with the soil water content increasing in a certain range，and the WUE declined when the relative soil water content was out of the range. 　　Key words Wheat; Yannong 0428; Water use efficiency; Economic yield 　　 我国水资源紧缺，人均占有水资源2 627 m3，每公顷平均占有20 670 m3，分别为世界平均水平的1/5和2/3。我国约2/3的耕地分布在干旱半干旱地区[1，2]，据统计，我国有4 666.7×104 hm2农田受到干旱的胁迫[2]，北方旱灾面积每年都有（1 333.3～2 666.7）×104 hm2。水资源紧缺，已经成为限制农作物高产优质高效的重要因素。因而，研究冬小麦的灌溉节水方案、发展可持续节水型农业迫在眉睫。 　　前人研究认为，水分是影响小麦产量品质