材料力学 机械设计 机械设计课程设计 材料科学等等.doc

1. Material Mechanics 材料力学 This course mainly learned about the Mechanical Properties of Material (Important mechanical properties are strength. stiffness hardness. and ductility..) and tensile . cut . torsion . bending . stress. Strain . and Hooke’s law .the most important in the course is the Stress-Strain Diagram . Intensity: 强度 Strength of materials, ability to withstand an applied stress without failure Compressive strength, capacity to withstand axially directed pushing forces Tensile strength, maximum stress while being stretched or pulled before necking Shear strength, the ability to withstand shearing Stiffness: Stiffness is the resistance of an elastic body to deformation by an applied force along a given degree of freedom (DOF) when a set of loading points and boundary conditions are prescribed on the elastic body. hardness, modulus. Young Modulus(E)= stress/ strain Stress：is the internal resistance offered by a unit area of the material from which a member is made to an externally applied load. Normal Stress : The intensity of force , or force per unit area , acting normal to △A is defined as the normal stress , σ.Since △Fz is normal force to the area thenσz =lim △A is the very small area ,and △Fz is the very small force . Strain: also called unit deformation, is found by dividing the total deformation by the original length of the bar. Normal Strain : The elongation or contraction of a line segment per unit of length is referred to as normal strain . such as line AB, this line lies along the n axis and has an original length of △l, after deformation , points A and B are displace to A’ and B’and the line becomes a curve having a length of △l’, the change in length of the line is therefore △l’-△l , As point B is chosen closer and closer to point A , the length of the line becomes shorter and shorter ,such that △l→0 . Also ,this cause B’to approach A‘ such that △l’ →0 .Consequently , in the limit the normal strain at point A and in the direction of n